µ¼º½À¸·Ö¸îÏß
  ·ÏÖ½½Õ¸Ñ´ò°ü»ú
  ½Õ¸ÑÇà´¢ÜÙÞ£´ó°ü´ò°ü»ú
  ·þ×°²¼Æ¥´ò°ü»ú
  ÃÞ»¨/¶ÌÈÞ/ÃÞÈÞ´ò°ü»ú
  µç»ú·ÄÖ¯Öá³ÐѹÁ¦»ú
  ÇàÖü»Æ´¢Î¢´¢´ò°ü»ú
  ÌúƤÂÁºÏ½ð½ðÊô´ò°ü»ú
  µ¾¿Ç´ò°ü»ú
  ÓñÃ×о»¨ÉúÑí´ò°ü»ú
  ÃÞ×Ñ´ò°ü»ú
  ÑòƤҺѹ´ò°ü»ú
  ±àÖ¯´üËÜÁÏ´ò°ü»ú


ÊÖ»ú£º13793085458
ÁªÏµÈË£ºÐì¾­Àí
µØÖ·£º
ɽ¶«Ê¡ÁijÇÊиßÌÆÏØÆû³µÕ¾¶«2¹«Àï·±±
ÓÊÏ䣺13793085458@139.com
꿅᣼www.13793085458.com

 
>> ·µ»ØÊ×Ò³ - ÆóÒµÐÂÎÅ
ҺѹС֪ʶ
À´Ô´:ÓñÃ׽ոѴò°ü»ú_µ¾¿Ç´ò°ü»ú_Á¢Ê½·ÏÖ½´ò°ü»ú_Çà´¢´ò°ü»ú | ·¢²¼Ê±¼ä:2012-12-1 | ä¯ÀÀ´ÎÊý£º

ҺѹС֪ʶ
Һѹ´«¶¯ºÍÆøѹ´«¶¯³ÆΪÁ÷Ìå´«¶¯£¬ÊǸù¾Ý17ÊÀ¼ÍÅÁ˹¿¨Ìá³öµÄÒºÌ徲ѹÁ¦´«¶¯Ô­Àí¶ø·¢Õ¹ÆðÀ´µÄÒ»ÃÅÐÂÐ˼¼Êõ£¬Êǹ¤Å©ÒµÉú²úÖйãΪӦÓõÄÒ»Ãż¼Êõ¡£Èç½ñ£¬Á÷Ìå´«¶¯¼¼ÊõˮƽµÄ¸ßµÍÒѳÉΪһ¸ö¹ú¼Ò¹¤Òµ·¢Õ¹Ë®Æ½µÄÖØÒª±êÖ¾¡£

1795ÄêÓ¢¹úԼɪ·ò¡¤²¼À­Âü(Joseph Braman,1749-1814)£¬ÔÚÂ׶ØÓÃË®×÷Ϊ¹¤×÷½éÖÊ,ÒÔˮѹ»úµÄÐÎʽ½«ÆäÓ¦ÓÃÓÚ¹¤ÒµÉÏ,µ®ÉúÁËÊÀ½çÉϵÚһ̨ˮѹ»ú¡£1905Ä꽫¹¤×÷½éÖÊË®¸ÄΪÓÍ,ÓÖ½øÒ»²½µÃµ½¸ÄÉÆ¡£

µÚÒ»´ÎÊÀ½ç´óÕ½(1914-1918)ºóҺѹ´«¶¯¹ã·ºÓ¦ÓÃ,ÌرðÊÇ1920ÄêÒÔºó,·¢Õ¹¸üΪѸËÙ¡£ÒºÑ¹Ôª¼þ´óÔ¼ÔÚ 19 ÊÀ¼ÍÄ© 20 ÊÀ¼Í³õµÄ20Äê¼ä,²Å¿ªÊ¼½øÈëÕý¹æµÄ¹¤ÒµÉú²ú½×¶Î¡£1925 Äêά¿Ë˹(F.Vikers)·¢Ã÷ÁËѹÁ¦Æ½ºâʽҶƬ±Ã,Ϊ½ü´úҺѹԪ¼þ¹¤Òµ»òҺѹ´«¶¯ µÄÖð²½½¨Á¢µì¶¨ÁË»ù´¡¡£20 ÊÀ¼Í³õ¿µË¹Ì¹¶¡¡¤Äá˹¿Ë(G¡¤Constantimsco)¶ÔÄÜÁ¿²¨¶¯´«µÝËù½øÐеÄÀíÂÛ¼°Êµ¼ÊÑо¿;1910Äê¶ÔÒºÁ¦´«¶¯(ÒºÁ¦ÁªÖá½Ú¡¢ÒºÁ¦±ä¾ØÆ÷µÈ)·½ÃæµÄ¹±Ï×£¬Ê¹ÕâÁ½·½ÃæÁìÓòµÃµ½ÁË·¢Õ¹¡£

µÚ¶þ´ÎÊÀ½ç´óÕ½(1941-1945)ÆÚ¼ä,ÔÚÃÀ¹ú»ú´²ÖÐÓÐ30%Ó¦ÓÃÁËҺѹ´«¶¯¡£Ó¦¸ÃÖ¸³ö,ÈÕ±¾ÒºÑ¹´«¶¯µÄ·¢Õ¹½ÏÅ·ÃÀµÈ¹ú¼ÒÍíÁ˽ü 20 ¶àÄê¡£ÔÚ 1955 ÄêÇ°ºó , ÈÕ±¾Ñ¸ËÙ·¢Õ¹ÒºÑ¹´«¶¯,1956 Äê³ÉÁ¢ÁË¡°ÒºÑ¹¹¤Òµ»á¡±¡£½ü20~30 Äê¼ä£¬ÈÕ±¾ÒºÑ¹´«¶¯·¢Õ¹Ö®¿ì£¬½ìÊÀ½çÁìÏȵØλ¡£

Һѹ´«¶¯ÓÐÐí¶àÍ»³öµÄÓŵ㣬Òò´ËËüµÄÓ¦Ó÷dz£¹ã·º£¬ÈçÒ»°ã¹¤¡£ÒµÓõÄËÜÁϼӹ¤»úе¡¢Ñ¹Á¦»úе¡¢»ú´²µÈ£»ÐÐ×ß»úеÖеŤ³Ì»úе¡¢½¨Öþ»úе¡¢Å©Òµ»úе¡¢Æû³µµÈ£»¸ÖÌú¹¤ÒµÓõÄÒ±½ð»úе¡¢ÌáÉý×°Öá¢Ôþ¹õµ÷Õû×°Öõȣ»ÍÁľˮÀû¹¤³ÌÓõķÀºéÕ¢Ãż°µÌ°Ó×°ÖᢺӴ²Éý½µ×°Öá¢ÇÅÁº²Ù×Ý»ú¹¹µÈ£»·¢µç³§ÎÐÂÖ»úµ÷ËÙ×°Öᢺ˷¢µç³§µÈ¹ú£»´¬²°ÓõļװåÆðÖØ»úе£¨½Ê³µ£©¡¢´¬Í·ÃÅ¡¢²Õ±Ú·§¡¢´¬Î²ÍƽøÆ÷µÈ£»ÌØÊâ¼¼ÊõÓõľÞÐÍÌìÏß¿ØÖÆ×°ÖᢲâÁ¿¸¡±ê¡¢Éý½µÐýתÎę̀µÈ£»¾üʹ¤ÒµÓõĻðÅÚ²Ù×Ý×°Öᢴ¬²°¼õÒ¡×°ÖᢷÉÐÐÆ÷·ÂÕæ¡¢·É»úÆðÂä¼ÜµÄÊÕ·Å×°Öúͷ½Ïò¶æ¿ØÖÆ×°Öõȡ£

Һѹ´«¶¯µÄ»ù±¾Ô­ÀíÊÇÔÚÃܱյÄÈÝÆ÷ÄÚ£¬ÀûÓÃÓÐѹÁ¦µÄÓÍÒº×÷Ϊ¹¤×÷½éÖÊÀ´ÊµÏÖÄÜÁ¿×ª»»ºÍ´«µÝ¶¯Á¦µÄ¡£ÆäÖеÄÒºÌå³ÆΪ¹¤×÷½éÖÊ£¬Ò»°ãΪ¿óÎïÓÍ£¬ËüµÄ×÷Óúͻúе´«¶¯ÖеÄƤ´ø¡¢Á´ÌõºÍ³ÝÂֵȴ«¶¯Ôª¼þÏàÀàËÆ¡£ 

ÔÚҺѹ´«¶¯ÖУ¬ÒºÑ¹Ó͸׾ÍÊÇÒ»¸ö×î¼òµ¥¶øÓֱȽÏÍêÕûµÄҺѹ´«¶¯ÏµÍ³£¬·ÖÎöËüµÄ¹¤×÷¹ý³Ì£¬¿ÉÒÔÇå³þµÄÁ˽âҺѹ´«¶¯µÄ»ù±¾Ô­Àí.
Һѹ´«¶¯ÏµÍ³µÄ×é³É 

ҺѹϵͳÖ÷ÒªÓÉ£º¶¯Á¦Ôª¼þ£¨Óͱã©¡¢Ö´ÐÐÔª¼þ£¨Ó͸׻òҺѹÂí´ï£©¡¢¿ØÖÆÔª¼þ£¨¸÷ÖÖ·§£©¡¢¸¨ÖúÔª¼þºÍ¹¤×÷½éÖʵÈÎ岿·Ö×é³É¡£ 

1¡¢¶¯Á¦Ôª¼þ£¨Óͱã© ËüµÄ×÷ÓÃÊÇ°ÑÒºÌåÀûÓÃÔ­¶¯»úµÄ»úеÄÜת»»³ÉҺѹÁ¦ÄÜ£»ÊÇҺѹ´«¶¯ÖеĶ¯Á¦²¿·Ö¡£ 

2¡¢Ö´ÐÐÔª¼þ£¨Ó͸ס¢ÒºÑ¹Âí´ï£© ËüÊǽ«ÒºÌåµÄҺѹÄÜת»»³É»úеÄÜ¡£ÆäÖУ¬Ó͸××öÖ±ÏßÔ˶¯£¬Âí´ï×öÐýתÔ˶¯¡£ 

3¡¢¿ØÖÆÔª¼þ  °üÀ¨Ñ¹Á¦·§¡¢Á÷Á¿·§ºÍ·½Ïò·§µÈ¡£ËüÃǵÄ×÷ÓÃÊǸù¾ÝÐèÒªÎÞ¼¶µ÷½ÚÒº¶¯»úµÄËٶȣ¬²¢¶ÔҺѹϵͳÖй¤×÷ÒºÌåµÄѹÁ¦¡¢Á÷Á¿ºÍÁ÷Ïò½øÐе÷½Ú¿ØÖÆ¡£ 

4¡¢¸¨ÖúÔª¼þ  ³ýÉÏÊöÈý²¿·ÖÒÔÍâµÄÆäËüÔª¼þ£¬°üÀ¨Ñ¹Á¦±í¡¢ÂËÓÍÆ÷¡¢ÐîÄÜ×°Öá¢ÀäÈ´Æ÷¡¢¹Ü¼þ¼°ÓÍÏäµÈ£¬ËüÃÇͬÑùÊ®·ÖÖØÒª¡£ 

5¡¢¹¤×÷½éÖÊ  ¹¤×÷½éÖÊÊÇÖ¸¸÷ÀàҺѹ´«¶¯ÖеÄҺѹÓÍ»òÈ黯Һ£¬Ëü¾­¹ýÓͱúÍÒº¶¯»úʵÏÖÄÜÁ¿×ª»»¡£

Һѹ´«¶¯µÄÓÅȱµã 

1¡¢ÒºÑ¹´«¶¯µÄÓŵã 

£¨1£©Ìå»ýС¡¢ÖØÁ¿ÇᣬÒò´Ë¹ßÐÔÁ¦½ÏС£¬µ±Í»È»¹ýÔØ»òÍ£³µÊ±£¬²»»á·¢Éú´óµÄ³å»÷£» 

£¨2£©ÄÜÔÚ¸ø¶¨·¶Î§ÄÚƽÎȵÄ×Ô¶¯µ÷½ÚÇ£ÒýËٶȣ¬²¢¿ÉʵÏÖÎÞ¼«µ÷ËÙ£» 

£¨3£©»»ÏòÈÝÒ×£¬ÔÚ²»¸Ä±äµç»úÐýת·½ÏòµÄÇé¿öÏ£¬¿ÉÒԽϷ½±ãµØʵÏÖ¹¤×÷»ú¹¹ÐýתºÍÖ±ÏßÍù¸´Ô˶¯µÄת»»£» 

£¨4£©ÒºÑ¹±ÃºÍҺѹÂí´ïÖ®¼äÓÃÓ͹ÜÁ¬½Ó£¬Ôڿռ䲼ÖÃÉϱ˴˲»ÊÜÑϸñÏÞÖÆ£» 

£¨5£©ÓÉÓÚ²ÉÓÃÓÍҺΪ¹¤×÷½éÖÊ£¬Ôª¼þÏà¶ÔÔ˶¯±íÃæ¼äÄÜ×ÔÐÐÈ󻬣¬Ä¥ËðС£¬Ê¹ÓÃÊÙÃü³¤£» 

£¨6£©²Ù×Ý¿ØÖƼò±ã£¬×Ô¶¯»¯³Ì¶È¸ß£» 

£¨7£©ÈÝÒ×ʵÏÖ¹ýÔر£»¤¡£ 

2¡¢ÒºÑ¹´«¶¯µÄȱµã 

£¨1£©Ê¹ÓÃҺѹ´«¶¯¶Ôά»¤µÄÒªÇó¸ß£¬¹¤×÷ÓÍҪʼÖÕ±£³ÖÇå½à£» 

£¨2£©¶ÔҺѹԪ¼þÖÆÔ쾫¶ÈÒªÇó¸ß£¬¹¤ÒÕ¸´ÔÓ£¬³É±¾½Ï¸ß£» 

£¨3£©ÒºÑ¹Ôª¼þάÐ޽ϸ´ÔÓ£¬ÇÒÐèÓнϸߵļ¼Êõˮƽ£» 

£¨4£©ÓÃÓÍ×ö¹¤×÷½éÖÊ£¬ÔÚ¹¤×÷Ãæ´æÔÚ»ðÔÖÒþ»¼£» 

½Õ¸Ñ´ò°ü»ú Һѹ´ò°ü»ú ·ÏÖ½´ò°ü»ú

 
TAG£ºÒºÑ¹´ò°ü»ú ½Õ¸Ñ´ò°ü»ú ·ÏÖ½´ò°ü»ú ÁÙÇåҺѹ»úе³§ ³ÏÑûÄúµÄ²Î¹Û¿¼²ì http://www.13793085458.com/תÔØÇë±£Áô£¡
 
´òÓ¡±¾Ò³ || ¹Ø±Õ´°¿Ú
 ÉÏһƪ£º½Õ¸Ñ´ò°ü»ú¼ò½é
 ÏÂһƪ£º»¨ÉúÑí½Õ¸Ñ´ò°ü»ú
Ïà¹ØÐÂÎÅÁбí
ҺѹС֪ʶ
2012-12-01

 

ɽ¶«Ê¡ÁÙÇåÊÐҺѹ»úе³§  ÊÖ»ú£º13793085458
ÁªÏµÈË£ºÐìÔ¾¹ú    µØÖ·£ºÉ½¶«Ê¡ÁijÇÊиßÌÆÏØÆû³µÕ¾¶«2¹«Àï·±±
ÎÒÒª·ÖÏíµ½£º


Óʱࣺ252600 ÍøÖ·£ºwww.13793085458.com ÓÊÏ䣺13793085458@139.com ÍøÕ¾µØͼ

ÍøÕ¾±¸°¸ºÅ £ºÂ³ICP±¸13004812ºÅ-1 ÇëµÇ¼¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾“¹¤ÒµºÍÐÅÏ¢»¯²¿”¹«¹²²éѯÊäÈëÍøÕ¾Ê×Ò³µØÖ·www.13793085458.com²éѯ±¸°¸Ïêϸ
ÔÚÏß¿Í·þ
µã»÷ÕâÀï¸øÎÒ·¢ÏûÏ¢
µã»÷ÕâÀï¸øÎÒ·¢ÏûÏ¢